Clarifying Key Concepts for the Public

In the context of electromagnetic environments and public health, transformers and other power transmission and transformation facilities generate electric fields and magnetic fields—collectively termed "electromagnetic fields" (EMF)—not "electromagnetic radiation."

 The term "electromagnetic radiation" is a specialized engineering term used in fields like radio communications and electromagnetic compatibility. It refers to energy emitted as electromagnetic waves from a source into space or propagating through space. Applying "electromagnetic radiation" as an environmental or health impact factor for power facilities is scientifically inappropriate. Transmission facilities act as carriers for electrical energy transfer, not transmitters of electromagnetic wave energy. The correct terms for the fields around these facilities are electric field, magnetic field, or electromagnetic field (EMF).

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 Why Power Transmission Facilities (e.g., Transformers) Do Not Generate Effective Electromagnetic Radiation

AC power transmission facilities produce power-frequency magnetic fields classified as extremely low-frequency (ELF) fields. These primarily interact with the environment through electromagnetic induction, not radiation. Key reasons include:

 Frequency & Wavelength Constraints:

 Power-frequency electric/magnetic fields operate at 50 Hz (wavelength: 6,000 km).

 Transmission lines are far shorter than this wavelength, making effective electromagnetic radiation physically impossible.

 Field Independence:

 Electric and magnetic fields at power frequencies exist independently in space, unlike high-frequency fields where coupled electric/magnetic components propagate as radiating waves.

 International Standards:
Authoritative bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) strictly define these fields as:

 Power-frequency electric fields

 Power-frequency magnetic fields

 EMF (for frequencies ≥100 kHz)

They explicitly reject "electromagnetic radiation" as an incorrect descriptor for power facilities.

 Correcting Misconceptions

The inaccurate concept of "electromagnetic radiation from power facilities" has been perpetuated in some domestic literature, exacerbating public misunderstanding and concern. Global health authorities unanimously use precise terminology (electric field, magnetic field, or EMF) and avoid "electromagnetic radiation" for power-frequency exposures below 100 kHz.